Dehydration is one of the most common yet overlooked health issues affecting older adults. Many families don't realise how quickly it can develop or how serious the consequences can be. If you're caring for an elderly loved one at home, understanding dehydration is essential to keeping them healthy and independent.

As we age, our bodies change in ways that increase dehydration risk. Older adults have a lower percentage of body water, weaker thirst signals, and may take medications that increase fluid loss. Some conditions like dementia or mobility issues can also make it harder for people to drink enough throughout the day.

The problem often goes unnoticed because the early signs are subtle. By the time dehydration becomes obvious, it may have already affected their health.

Dehydration doesn't always announce itself loudly. Watch for these signs:

• Persistent thirst (though this signal weakens with age)

• Dark urine or infrequent urination

• Dry mouth, lips, or tongue

• Dizziness or lightheadedness

• Confusion or difficulty concentrating

• Fatigue or weakness

• Headaches

• Constipation

• Sunken eyes or skin that lacks elasticity

Confusion is particularly important to note. Many families mistake dehydration-related confusion for early dementia or a sign of decline, when actually it's reversible with proper hydration.

Mild dehydration might seem harmless, but it can quickly escalate. Severe dehydration increases the risk of falls, urinary tract infections, kidney problems, and hospitalisations. It can also worsen existing conditions like heart disease or diabetes.

For people with dementia, dehydration can trigger or intensify behavioural changes and confusion. This is why consistent fluid intake is so important in dementia care.

The good news? Dehydration is largely preventable with straightforward strategies:

• Encourage regular sipping throughout the day. Don't wait for thirst. Offer drinks with breakfast, mid-morning, lunch, mid-afternoon, tea, and before bed. Small, frequent amounts work better than large quantities at once.

• Make fluids appealing. Water is essential, but variety helps. Try herbal teas, diluted fruit juice, soup, or smoothies. Some people find it easier to drink from a coloured cup or through a straw.

• Include water-rich foods. Watermelon, cucumber, strawberries, oranges, and lettuce contribute to daily fluid intake and add nutrition.

• Monitor medications. Some medications increase fluid loss. Chat with their GP if you're concerned about medication-related dehydration.

• Create a routine. Link drinking to daily activities. For example, a glass of water with meals, a cup of tea mid-morning, and a drink before bed.

• Keep fluids accessible. Place a drink within easy reach. If mobility is limited, this simple step makes a real difference.

People with dementia may forget to drink or struggle to communicate thirst. Carers play a crucial role here. Offering drinks regularly, using familiar cups or mugs, and making hydration part of the daily routine helps ensure they stay hydrated. Some people respond better to specific drinks they've always enjoyed.

Contact their GP if you notice persistent signs of dehydration, especially if accompanied by confusion, severe dizziness, or rapid heartbeat. In emergencies - such as extreme confusion, loss of consciousness, or inability to drink - call 999.

Proper hydration isn't just about preventing illness. It supports energy levels, mental clarity, and the ability to stay active and independent at home. When older adults feel better physically, they're more engaged, more confident, and better able to enjoy life.

If you're managing care at home and concerned about your loved one's fluid intake, don't hesitate to reach out to their healthcare team. Small changes in daily routines can have a significant impact on their wellbeing.

MoralCare provides comprehensive support for older adults, including assistance with nutrition and hydration as part of our holistic care approach. If you'd like to discuss how we can support your loved one, contact us on 01524 874110 or visit www.moralcare.co.uk.