A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is a feeding tube inserted directly into the stomach, allowing nutrition and medication to be delivered when swallowing is difficult or unsafe. For families managing PEG care at home, understanding the basics ensures safety, comfort, and quality of life.

What is a PEG Tube?

A PEG tube bypasses the mouth and oesophagus, delivering nutrition directly to the stomach. It's commonly used for people with swallowing difficulties due to stroke, motor neurone disease, advanced dementia, or other neurological conditions. The tube is secured with a bumper inside the stomach and a retention disc on the skin.

Daily Care and Hygiene

• Site care is essential. Gently clean around the tube entrance with warm water and mild soap daily, patting dry thoroughly. Check for redness, swelling, discharge, or odour—signs of infection requiring GP attention.

• Tube flushing prevents blockages. Flush with 30ml of cooled boiled water before and after feeds, and after medication administration. Use a 50ml syringe with the plunger removed for gravity feeding.

• Dressing changes typically occur weekly or as needed. Use sterile gauze and secure with tape, ensuring the tube isn't pulled or twisted. Some people prefer leaving the site uncovered once healed.

Feeding and Nutrition

• Feed preparation must be hygienic. Use prescribed feeds or blended foods as recommended by the dietitian. Always check expiry dates and store appropriately. Room-temperature feeds are generally more comfortable.

• Feeding methods include gravity feeding (bag suspended above stomach level) or bolus feeding (syringe feeding in smaller amounts). Your healthcare team will advise which suits your situation best.

• Hydration is crucial. Flush the tube with water regularly to maintain hydration and prevent dehydration-related complications.

Medication Administration

Tablets should be crushed and dissolved in water before administration through the PEG tube. Never push whole tablets down the tube. Always flush before and after medication to prevent interactions and blockages.

Recognising Complications

Watch for signs of problems: tube blockage (no flow), leakage around the site, infection (redness, warmth, discharge), or displacement. Contact your GP or district nurse immediately if you notice these issues.

Emotional Support

Adjusting to PEG feeding can be emotionally challenging for both the person and family. Normalising the process, maintaining social eating experiences where possible, and seeking support from healthcare professionals helps manage this transition.

Key Takeaways

PEG tube care requires attention to hygiene, proper feeding technique, and vigilance for complications. With knowledge and support, families can confidently manage PEG feeding at home, maintaining nutrition and quality of life.